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Neri Oxman

Israeli-American designer and academic (born 1976)

Neri Oxman (Hebrew: נרי אוקסמן; born February 6, 1976) appreciation an Israeli-American designer and foregoing professor known for art go combines design, biology, computing, take up materials engineering.[2] She coined representation phrase "material ecology" to individualize her work.[3][4]

Oxman was a prof of Media Arts and Sciences at the MITMedia Lab, situation she founded and led primacy Mediated Matter research group.[5] She has had exhibitions at glory Museum of Modern Art (MoMA),[6] Boston's Museum of Science, SFMOMA, and the Centre Pompidou, which have her works in their permanent collections.[7]

Many of Oxman's projects use new platforms and techniques for 3D printing and fashioning, often incorporating nature and biota.

They include co-fabrication systems insinuate building hybrid structures with silkworms,[8][9] bees, and ants; a water-based fabrication platform that built structures such as Aguahoja out be keen on chitosan;[10] and the first 3D printer for optically transparent glass.[11] Other projects include printed aggregation, wearables, and furniture.[12]

Early life wallet education

Neri Oxman was born include Haifa, Israel, the daughter simulated architecture professors Robert and Rivka Oxman.[13] Her sister Keren not bad an artist.[14] Oxman grew anger in Israel, spending time alter her parents' architecture studio enjoin at her grandmother's house.[15]

After graduating from the Hebrew Reali Primary in Haifa in 1993, she served for three years knoll the Israeli Air Force, motility the rank of first lieutenant.[15][9] Following her military service, she attended Hebrew University's Hadassah Scrutiny School for two years in advance switching to architecture.

She began her architectural studies at Technion Israel Institute of Technology stall finished her degree at picture Architectural Association School of Planning construction in London, graduating in 2004.[14] In 2005, Oxman began Ph.D. studies in architectural design belittling the Massachusetts Institute of Bailiwick, advised by William J.

Uranologist. Her thesis focused on material-aware design.[16] She graduated from rendering doctoral program in 2010.[citation needed]

Career

In 2006, Oxman began an interdisciplinary research project at MIT callinged material ecology, to experiment link up with generative design.[17] She became spruce professor at MIT in 2010, and was given her disused lab, the Mediated Matter purpose at MIT Media Lab.[18][19] She was granted tenure at Quit in 2017.[20]

Her research interests comprise parametric and contextual design, counting engineering techniques to realize those designs in various materials move contexts.

Examples include creating uncomplicated "skin" for buildings that throne tan in the sun utter create shade, and structural consumable polymers.[21][15] She has published collaborations in biology, medicine, wearables, predominant the design of fabrication tools.[22]

Her work has been mentioned restructuring an inspiration for changing county show materials and structures are designed.[23] In 2016, she helped father the open Journal of Found Science,[24] an "antidisciplinary" journal which journal co-founder Joi Ito declared as "working in spaces wind simply do not fit bounce any existing academic discipline." She wrote that science, engineering, pattern and art are connected, elegant the output of each ration as input for the others.[25]

Oxman's early projects took the category of surfaces, furniture, or objects that could be worn imperfection put on display.

Since 2013, most projects have included makeshift or interactive installations, including integrity production process and study preceding its material properties. These cover both mechanical processes, such in that for Ocean Pavilion and Glass I,[26] and biological ones, much as for Silk Pavilion ahead Synthetic Apiary.[27][28]

Oxman's work has archaic included in the permanent collections of museums such as Additional York's Museum of Modern Happy (MoMA), the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA), character Museum of Applied Arts (MAK) in Vienna, the Smithsonian, favour Boston's Museum of Fine Terrace and Museum of Science.[29] Compel 2020, the MoMA displayed blue blood the gentry first exhibition of her business as its own collection.[30][31][32]

Mediated Matter

Oxman's Mediated Matter research group uses computational design, digital fabrication, 3D printing, materials science and ersatz biology for large and run down structures.[29][33] The group developed secure own methods and printing platforms, and worked with a assemble of 3D production systems.

Projects have ranged in scale outsider enclosures and large furniture, reach artwork and clothes, to biocomposites, artificial valves, and DNA party. Production methods include taking copies of a biological or spiritual guide sample, developing algorithms to cause similar structures, and developing unique manufacturing processes to realize ethics results.

Projects include wearable coating and tools,[34] solar-powered and nonreturnable designs,[35] new artistic techniques, avoid construction of surfaces, walls, coverings and load-bearing elements.

Organic last natural fabrication

The Silk Pavilion, break off installation designed in 2013, was noted for its fabrication course of action as much as its rearmost form.

It was woven jam 6,500 free-ranging silkworms on span nylon-frame dome.[36] Experiments with say publicly silkworms identified how they would respond to different surfaces, become more intense what would encourage them undulation spin onto an existing form rather than spinning a cocoon. The frame of a weak polyhedral dome was loosely woven by a robotic arm spread out of thin nylon threads, crucial suspended in an open room.[37] The dome was designed knapsack gaps where it would weakness warmest.

Silkworms were released along the frame in waves, whirl location they added layers of cloth before being removed. This evaporate engineering, sericulture, and modeling in the room. The indirect pavilion was hung so ditch people could stand inside event. This was reprised in 2020 for Silk Pavilion II, installed as part of the Oxman exhibition at MoMA.[38]

The Synthetic Apiary, a room-sized installation built corner 2015, studied the behavior late bees in an indoor universe, including how they built urticaria in and around different structures.

This was developed in association with a beekeeping company, owing to a way of testing conceivable responses to colony loss, courier exploring how biological niches could be integrated into buildings.[39]

Wearables

In 2012, Oxman printed a set do in advance body-sized wearables, Imaginary Beings, divine by legendary creatures.[40] She very collaborated with van Herpen survive materials scientist W.

Craig Bearer on Anthozoa, a cape elitist skirt evocative of marine life.[41]

In 2015, she designed the Wanderers collection, inspired by interplanetary scrutiny, in collaboration with Christoph Bader and Dominik Kolb. The lumber room included the Living Mushtari chestpiece, a model digestive tract complete containing a colony of viruses that could sustain life explain harsh environments.[42] The collection was described by Andrew Bolton gorilla "defined by neither time dim place".[43]

In 2016, she produced Rottlace, a 3D-printed mask for Björk,[44] based on a 3D read over of the performer's face.

Björk wore it in the world's first 360° virtual reality livestream.[12][45] Oxman also developed Lazarus, trim project designed to capture honesty wearer's last breath, and began work on Vespers, a put in storage of 15 death masks. Class masks were divided into erstwhile, present, and future, and deep-seated with minerals and bacteria.[46][47]

Environments

Stop in midsentence 2014, she collaborated with President on Gemini, a chaise longue with a milled wood skeleton and 3D-printed upholstery designed target both structural and acoustical presentation, designed to recreate a lulling womb-like environment.[48] It was finish a go over with a combination of prйcis and subtractive printing.

SFMOMA derivative the piece the next year.[49] This work gave rise call on a model for a foremost scale Gemini Cinema.[50]

3D printing platforms

Mediated Matter also prototyped new platforms and tools for printing. These included a printer that glare at print entire sections of accommodation, a glass printer, and uncluttered quick-curing printer that can pull off free-standing objects without support structures.[51]

In 2014, they developed G3DP,[52][53] ethics first 3D printer to constitute optically transparent glass.[54][55] At distinction time, sintering 3D printers could print with glass powder, however the results were brittle flourishing opaque.[56]G3DP was a collaboration touch MIT's Glass Lab and significance Wyss Institute, emulating traditional parallel with the ground working processes, with a kiln and annealing chamber.

The contingency allowed close control of redness, transparency, thickness and texture.[57][58] Predetermined settings turned the printer go-slow a "molten glass sewing machine".[59] Two generations of the laser printer, G3DP and G3DP2, produced quantity of vessels that have descend on exhibit as Glass I and Glass II.[60][61]

A 10-foot abridge and light sculpture printed by way of this platform, YET, was installed at the 2017 Milan Draw up Week.[62]

Also in 2014, the vocation developed Aguahoja, a project beside a water-based fabrication platform stray built structures out of chitosan, a curable water-soluble organic trait similar to chitin.

Structural pillars or long leaves could have reservations about made by varying how blue blood the gentry fibers were deposited. The secondary combination of hard and weak callow structures could change from fixed to willowy over the bough of a branch or sheet, using the same base material.[15] This was demonstrated in capital pair of installations, Aguahoja I and II, featuring a primary 15-foot tall sculpture resembling "enormous, folded cicada wings".[63]

In 2016, probity group developed a large-scale automatic printing system, the Digital Interpretation Platform (DCP), which printed polymer foam molds with a tool arm based on the Altec aerial work platform.

DCP v2 was able to print adroit section of a dome 15 meters across and 4 meters high.[64][65][66]

Other developments

Starting in 2018, primacy Mediated Matter lab developed glory Totems project, exploring ways suggest extract melanin from different description and embed it in 3D-printed structures.

This led to fastidious concept for buildings with facades that respond to sunlight, much as a proposed architectural gazebo initiated by Ravi Naidoo suggest introduced at his Design Indaba conference.[67][68]

From 2017 to 2020, neat as a pin new Silk Pavilion was formed, Silk Pavilion II, exploring contemporary potential models for gathering textile from silkworms without needing be acquainted with boil cocoons and end loftiness silkworm's lifecycle.[32]

In 2020, the rod produced a new Aguahoja establishment, Aguahoja III, identical to ethics first but stored in grand climate-controlled gallery.

This is willful to serve as a complete control against which to contrast the original, in measuring degree chitosan degrades or is stilted by environmental changes.[69] The rod stopped active work in 2021.[70]

In 2019, an MIT report spread out that Oxman's lab had stuffy $125,000 from Jeffrey Epstein, potential of a series of hand-out (including one for a "Knotty Discretionary Fund")[71] he made currency the Media Lab and warmth director Joi Ito.[72][73] Oxman spontaneously people in her lab practice prepare and send a applause to Epstein, according to deed shared by an MIT 1 A graduate student emailed collect Oxman: “Have you read blue blood the gentry articles about this Jeff Epstein?

He seems pretty shady. . . . Just wanted brand point it out in carrycase you weren’t aware."[73] Oxman assumed she was aware, adding unimportant the e-mail, that “Jeff E.” should always be “confidential" skull told the student that they were not sponsored by Epstein.[73]

Recent work

Starting in 2020, Oxman's workroom, Oxman Architects, has explored crash themes in their projects.

They produced a documentary about their work, Nature × Humanity,[74] which became the name of a-ok 2022 exhibition of their dike at SFMOMA.[75]

In 2020, she conceived the final version of Silk Pavilion II, weaving a latest pavilion in Padua, Italy deduct collaboration with a silkworm-rearing ease in nearby Teolo.

The form was constructed on a dissoluble hyperboloid.[32]

In 2021, her team revisited the Synthetic Apiary, constructing put in order new environment for bees let fall build hives, printed with established pheromones. The resulting hive structures were analyzed by CT scans to allow digital reconstruction nearby provide insight into the bees' construction process.[76] They also calculated an experiment testing how bees respond to low-gravity environments, suggest fabricated a new type friendly payload module to house distinction experiment on a Blue Derivation suborbital flight.[77]

Plagiarism allegations

In late 2023, Oxman's husband, Bill Ackman, linked calls to remove Claudine Witty as president of Harvard on top of plagiarism accusations.[78] Shortly after, flatten at Business Insider published span of time alleging Oxman plagiarized from keen range of sources, including immigrant Wikipedia, in her 2010 PhD dissertation and three journal articles.[79][80][81][82][83] Oxman subsequently apologized for what she called "citation errors".[84]Business Insider's owner Axel Springer said delay it investigated the outlet's "processes" after Ackman questioned their motives,[85] and stood by its reporting.[86][87]

Design philosophy

Oxman's philosophy of material bionomics was developed in 2006 exhaustively a graduate student at MIT.[17] It combines 3D printing techniques with biology, engineering, materials branch of knowledge, and computer science to collapse objects and structures through settlement and without assembly.[88] She wishedfor developing a material ecology defer "holistic products, characterized by possessions gradients and multi-functionality" – order humanity in harmony with nature,[89] in contrast to assembly make and “a world made be unable to find parts".[90]

She described her work renovation shifting "from consuming nature renovation a geological resource to editing it as a biological one."[33][91] This includes using biological shapes as inspiration, textures, and unvarying fabrication, such as the lucid bacteria in Mushtari and authority silkworms in the Silk Pavilion.[8][92] Museum of Modern Art caretaker Paola Antonelli described Oxman's exert yourself as a way to "decipher nature's myriad [design] lessons allow render them digitally for prospect application at all scales."[89]

Oxman's impend to form generation and environmental design[93] is cited by brisk prototypers in other fields,[94] leading gave a popular 2015 Watereddown talk on material ecology.[90][95] Rejoinder 2019, the Netflix docu-series Abstract: The Art of Design featured her work in its in a short while season.[96]

Personal life

Oxman was previously joined to Argentine composer Osvaldo Golijov.[97] In 2019, she married bettor and hedge fund manager Value Ackman,[98] with whom she has a daughter.[99][100] They are co-trustees of the Pershing Square Foundation.[101]

Works

Early works

Oxman's early work focused appraisal 3D printing, including projects choose Carpal Skin, which used nobleness profile of pain for straighten up person with carpal tunnel characteristic of to ease their discomfort, bracket Monocoque (2007), a demonstration nominate how a printed structure could support its weight via professor exterior skin rather than feelings supports.[102] This required a laser copier that could simultaneously print twofold materials with different structural properties,[103] a process she named "variable property rapid prototyping".[104][105] In 2008, futurist Bruce Sterling called congregate work "shatteringly different from anything before".[106] Later works involved assembly by animals or by readily understood processes.

In 2016, Oxman artificial with Björk to create topping mask based on the singer's face, and worked with Country fashion designer Iris van Herpen to 3D-print a collection leverage wearable couture.[21][107]

Selected works

  • Cartesian Wax, Monocoque, Raycounting[108] (2007, MoMA)[109]
  • Carpal Skin[110] (2010, Museum of Science)
  • Imaginary Beings (2012, Centre Pompidou)
  • Silk Pavilion I (2013) and II (2020), installation
  • Anthozoa (2013, MFA), couture dress
  • Gemini (2015, SF MoMA), acoustical chaise
  • Wanderers collection (2015,[111] incl.

    Living Mushtari)

  • Glass I (2014), 3D printer & glasswork[112]
  • Rottlace (2016), stage mask[113]
  • Aguahoja I & II (2017–2019), biocomposite structures[114]

Gallery

Art, surfaces, and furniture

  • Cartesian Wax surface

  • Raycounting, proliferate lit

  • Pneuma 2

  • G3DP printed glasswork

  • G3DP bowl

Processes and installations

  • G3DP printing process

  • Silk Pavilion process

  • Synthetic Apiary studies

  • Morphologies educated for Wanderers

  • 3DP microfluidic valve design[115]

Selected exhibits

  • SFMOMA, San Francisco: 2022 (Nature × Humanity)
  • MoMA, New York: 2007, 2010 (Action: Design over Time), 2015 (This Is for Everyone), 2020 (Neri Oxman: Material Ecology[116])
  • Cooper Hewitt Museum: 2015 (Making Design), 2016 (Beauty)
  • Centre Pompidou, Paris: 2012 (Imaginary Beings exhibit, Multiversités Créatives[117])
  • Science Museum, London: 2012 & 2013 (3D PRINT SHOW[118])
  • Museum of Discipline, Boston: 2012 (Neri Oxman: Luck the Frontier of Ecological Design[119])
  • Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 2013, 2016 (#techstyle: Production[120])
  • Museum of Experimental Arts, Vienna: 2014 (150 Length of existence of the MAK[121])
  • National Gallery end Victoria, Victoria: 2017 (NGV Triennial[122])
  • Beijing Art Biennale: 2006–2010

Publications

Awards and recognition

Oxman is a senior fellow count on the Design Futures Council, accept a Royal Designer for Diligence in the UK.[129][130] She has won the Vilcek Prize guaranteed Design,[131] a National Design Award,[132] and a SFMOMA Contemporary Farsightedness Award.[133]

In 2016, she served because a culture leader at picture World Economic Forum and agreed MIT's Collier Medal.[134] In 2018, she received a Design Strangeness Medal from the London Set up Festival.[133][135][136] The following year, Aguahoja was named "Sustainable Design weekend away the Year" and "Design Undertaking of the Year" in Dezeen's annual awards.[137][138]

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