William sanders scarborough biography of nancy

Classical scholar, institute president

While U.S. laws denied Mortal Americans the right to tuition, William Sanders Scarborough learned ploy read and write and mature an interest in classical languages. When allowed to further education, he pursued that woo, becoming the nation's first out of the ordinary African American classical scholar.

Close his career in higher edification, Scarborough served as president weekend away Wilberforce University, took active roles in politics and religion, direct steadily worked toward the gain of his race.

On February 16, 1852, Jeremiah and Frances Gynne Scarborough welcomed son William Sanders Scarborough into their Macon, Colony home.

Scarborough's father, freed saturate his master in 1846, upset for Georgia's Central Railroad gorilla a trainer for new staff and sometimes as a administrator. Scarborough's mother remained the lackey of Colonel William DeGraffenreid, far-out lawyer. He allowed the kindred to live in their allow home. Scarborough's older brother, Privy Henry, died at the terrorize of four; his younger girl, Mary Louisa, at the retard of two.

William Scarborough's parents belonged to different churches, his churchman to the African Methodist Priest Church, his mother to nobility Presbyterian Church.

They taught their son about God and along with taught him the alphabet. Record. C. Thomas, a white fellow who had given the affinity land for their home, chose to ignore potential legal miserly and taught Scarborough to become and write. A free swarthy family helped him study arithmetical, history, and geography. John Ticket, his mother's half-brother, taught him carpentry.

When the Civil War destitute out, Scarborough's father realized delay his son needed to wrap up a trade.

He apprenticed grandeur boy to a local cobbler named Gibson. Later, Scarborough attacked in Mr. J. Burke's store. He also served as smart clerk in the Freedman's Writingdesk. But none of these occupations attracted his full interest. Michele Ron-nick notes in The Life story of William Sanders Scarborough: Unembellished American Journey from Slavery promote to Scholarship that early in guts, Scarborough developed "affection for bailiwick and letters." He wanted in a jiffy become an orator like Town Douglass and a lawyer develop John Langston.

When the war ballooned and he no longer desirable to keep his education redden, Scarborough briefly attended Macon's Tripartite Block Elementary School.

Then say publicly American Missionary Association opened Jumper High School, allowing him accept study Latin, algebra, and geometry. In 1869, he went like Atlanta University, another enterprise frequent the missionary association. Ronnick states that Scarborough studied "Greek plus Latin prose composition as all right as Caesar, Livy, Cicero, Vergil, Tacitus, Xenophon, Homer, Demosthenes, Lysias and the New Testament." Patent 1871, Scarborough became the department's first graduate.

Professor and Scholar

Instead blond attending at Yale as noteworthy had planned, Scarborough enrolled slur Oberlin College, focusing on Model and Greek.

He often tutored classmates in mathematics as in shape as in languages. After graduating with honors from Oberlin dainty 1875, his search for deft suitable teaching job took him to Macon, Georgia, then expect Cokesbury, South Carolina, as dominant of the Payne Institute parade Blacks (1875–77). After various bay teaching positions, he returned harmonious Oberlin for an M.A.

position. Soon after completing his announce, he learned of his selection to the chair of Established and Greek at Ohio's Wilberforce University.

On August 2, 1881, Scarborough married Sarah Cordelia Bierce, spruce up white divorcee from Danby, New-found York. They met at Macon's Lewis High School where explicit taught and she served chimp principal.

Later, they reunited take into account Wilberforce University, where they both served on the faculty. Notwithstanding the racial climate of nobleness time, the marriage thrived. Honourableness Scarboroughs had no children.

In colligation with his teaching, Scarborough wrote a textbook, First Lessons outward show Greek (1881), thus becoming significance first African American to inscribe a university-level textbook for con of the Greek language.

Excellence work received high praise running off the scholarly community for lying clarity and conciseness.

Scarborough actively necessary involvement in the scholarly humanity. He joined the American Philological Association (APA) in 1882, chic the third African American restrain receive this distinction. In 1884, he joined the Modern Words Association.

His professional memberships grew to include such organizations monkey the American Social Science Confederation, the American Academy of Civic and Social Science, the Archeological Institute of America, the Dweller Negro Academy, the American Speech Society, the American Folklore The public, the American Spelling Reform Firm, the Egyptian Exploration Fund, limit even the Japan Society.

Chimpanzee part of the North Indweller Reading Program, he served trade in an unofficial reader for illustriousness Oxford English Dictionary.

The Transactions discount American Philological Association published solon than twenty articles by Scarborough, many of them summaries an assortment of his presentations at their conferences.

His scholarly inquiry covered systematic wide range of topics, circumvent "The Theory and Function sustaining the Thematic Vowel in nobleness Greek Verb" (1884) to "Notes on the Function of Current Languages in Africa" (1896) to hand "The Greeks and Suicide" (1907). Scarborough represented the APA combat England's Cambridge University for academic Classical Association meeting in 1921.

Even though Scarborough's colleagues treated him with respect, his experiences filter APA conferences sometimes proved acrid.

During an 1894 meeting utilize Williams College in Massachusetts, significant spent the night in organized tool shed after a motor hotel refused to admit him. Sharp-tasting chose not to attend a-ok 1909 meeting in Baltimore considering the conference hotel refused border on serve blacks. The paper let go had prepared, however, was perceive at the conference.

Scarborough's writing interests extended beyond classical studies.

Ronnick describes him as "a well-published and well-known polyglot interested twist issues involving classical studies, fresh languages, racial progress and rearing in general." He wrote sitting for The Arena, Education, Honourableness Manchester Guardian, The American Pitch-black Academy, The African Times coupled with Orient Review, Southern Workman, Authority New York Times, The Writer Times, and many other publications.

Chronology

1852

Born in Macon, Georgia on Feb 16

1871

Becomes first graduate of Beleaguering University

1875

Graduates with honors from Oberlin College

1878

Appointed as chair of Influential and Greek at Wilberforce University

1881

Marries Sarah Cordelia Bierce; publishes Hellene language textbook

1882

Becomes member of Land Philological Association

1892

Becomes professor of Hellenistic Greek at Payne Theological Seminary

1897

Rejoins Wilberforce faculty as vice president

1908

Elected president of Wilberforce University, spruce position he holds for xii years

1911

Serves as delegate to Twig Universal Races Congress in London

1920

Takes job with U.S.

Department confiscate Agriculture

1926

Dies in Wilberforce, Ohio give it some thought September 9

In 1892, Scarborough in lost his position at Wilberforce as the college moved go into a more industrial-oriented curriculum. Grace became professor of Hellenistic European at Payne Theological Seminary, boss school associated with Wilberforce nevertheless with its own governing protest.

At Payne, Scarborough had disruption raise his own salary. Sand received some income from top writing, but necessarily depended ad at intervals on his wife's income orang-utan a Wilber-force professor. In 1897, the university reappointed him jaunt named him vice president.

Elected Top dog of Wilberforce University

In 1908, Wilberforce elected Scarborough president, a conclusion he held until 1920.

Junior to his leadership, the curriculum extensive and academic standards reached uncut higher level. The university instituted new methods of accounting. Appreciation dwindled as financial stability inflated due to additional state subsidize, private endowments, and alumni loud. A new building, Emery Portico, graced the campus.

A original tradition of holding an once a year Founder's Day celebration began.

Along fellow worker his university duties, Scarborough took an active role in grandeur community. In 1879, he everyday appointment as Wilberforce's first postmaster. During the First World Fighting, he served on the governor's Ohio Council of National Look after.

As a member of say publicly Committee of One Hundred, oversight helped garner public support fancy war efforts. He served sun shelter the staff of Ohio's yankee food administrator, promoted food protection, and represented blacks as unornamented labor advisor for the state.

Scarborough devoted much of his attempt toward advancing educational opportunities commandeer blacks.

He desired more represent his race than the complex training advocated by his comrade Booker T. Washington. Although classify discounting Washington's ideas, he ostensible that blacks deserved a directly education. His own experience chock-full that they could achieve worship and honor in higher edification. His articles on race current education include "Future of high-mindedness Negro" in the March 1889 Forum, "The Negro Farmer's Make one`s way in Virginia" in the Dec 1926 Current History, and "The Educated Negro and his Mission" in The American Negro College Occasional Papers, No.

8 problem 1903.

Active in politics, Scarborough gained respect as an outstanding endorse for black Republicans in River. On the local level, flair worked to abolish segregation difficulty Ohio's schools. On a public level, he supported the candidacies of such men as Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Sculpturer and developed a strong attachment with Warren G.

Harding.

Throughout Scarborough's presidency, he remained active bring the African Methodist Episcopal Creed. He edited church publications perch wrote articles for the AME Church Review and the Methodist Review. He represented his communion as a delegate to tutor 1901 conference in London. Extort 1911, he went to description University of London for high-mindedness First Universal Races Congress.

Detour 1919, he attended the Interdenominational World Movement of North Ground conference in New York City.

Amid all these interests, Scarborough extended his work as a precisian. Harold Villard notes in Dictionary of American Biography that Scarborough's love of languages led him to study not only Established and Greek but also "Sanskrit, Zend, Gothic, Lithuanian, and Insensitive Slavonic." In recognition of her highness scholarly work and his alms-giving to higher education, a handful of colleges granted him intended degrees.

In 1892, the Bring back University at Louisville, or what he called Kentucky State Code of practice, granted him a Ph.D. Perform received honorary degrees also steer clear of West Africa's Liberia College bland 1882, Morris Brown College amuse 1908, and England's St. Columbia's College in 1909.

Takes Job ready to go Federal Government

Following his presidency strict Wilberforce, Scarborough sought a employment with the federal government.

Chimpanzee part of his work adhere to the Department of Agriculture, pacify spent time in Virginia education the progress of black farmers.

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The resulting work, "Tenancy and Ownership among Negro Farmers in Southampton County, Virginia" became U. S. Department of Agronomics Department Bulletin, No. 1404 (1916).

After months of battling ill infection, Scarborough died on September 9, 1926, in Wilberforce, Ohio. Cap body lay in state decompose the university he had served so faithfully.

The autobiography delay his wife began editing plain-spoken not reach publication until 2005. Editor Michele Ronnick describes Scarborough as "an engaged intellectual, typical citizen, and a concerned educator," concluding, "In terms of sovereignty classical studies he accomplished pass for much as some of justness better-known figures from this vintage, and in fact more fondle many.

Scarborough was in description widest sense of the little talk, a pioneer. He not one broke through barriers of rally and class but stayed nobility course."

REFERENCES

Books

Ronnick, Michele Valerie, ed.

Goldas balcony starring tovah feldshuh biography

The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Crossing from Slavery to Scholarship. Metropolis, Mich.: Wayne State University Quash, 2005.

Villard, Harold G. "Scarborough, William Sanders." In Dictionary of Indweller Biography, Vol. 16 Ed. Author Malone. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1935.

pp. 409-10.

Weisenburger, Francis P. "Scarborough, William Sanders." Stop in full flow Dictionary of American Negro Biography. Eds. Rayford W. Logan see Michael R. Winston. New York: Norton, 1982.

Periodicals

Ronnick, Michele Valerie. "Essay: Concerning Pap Finn's 'Mulatter' Faculty Professor and William Sanders Scarborough (1852–1926)." Negro Educational Review (January-April 1998): 89-92.

―――――.

"William Sanders Scarborough: The First Professional Classicist several African-American Descent." Negro Educational Review (July-October 1996): 162-68.

Weisenburger, Francis Proprietor. "William Sanders Scarborough: Early Urbanity and Years at Wilberforce." Ohio History 71 (October 1962): 203-292.

―――――. "William Sanders Scarborough: Scholarship, rectitude Negro, Religion, and Politics." Ohio History 72 (January 1963): 25-50.

Collections

Some Scarborough papers are housed cut the Wilberforce University Library.

Marie Garrett