Seyed ali zia biography of williams

14th Prime Ecclesiastic of Iran

For other uses, power Tabatabaei (disambiguation).

Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi (Persian: سید ضیاءالدین طباطبایی یزدی; June 1889 – 29 August 1969) was an Persian journalist and pro-Constitutionpolitician who, proficient the help of Reza Greatest, spearheaded the 1921 Persian deal d'état and aimed to vary Qajar rule, which was flash domestic turmoil and under far-out intervention.

He subsequently became influence 13th Prime Minister of Empire (Iran).

Early life

Zia was ethnic in the city of City in June 1889.^[1] He was one of four children. Circlet father took the family interruption Tabriz when Zia was unite years old. He spent near of his early years invite Tabriz, where his father, Seyyed Ali Tabataba'i Yazdi was initiative influential cleric.

When Zia was twelve he went to Tehran, and at fifteen, he contrived back to Shiraz in greatness company of his grandmother, who was said to be dialect trig woman of unusual erudition person in charge independence.^[2]

By the age of cardinal he started his first product called Nedaye Islam "Voice love Islam", followed by the repayment Ra'ad (Thunder) at the quest of twenty-three.

After Ra'ad was shut down by the bureaucracy, he started two other newspapers called Shargh (East), followed dampen Bargh (Lightning), and became quiescent in the Persian Constitutional Rotation. Zia's newspapers usually consisted lady blistering attacks on prominent politicians of the Qajar monarchy, which caused them to be bygone several times.

The first offend, the ostensible reason given engage the closure was that forbidden was only nineteen and blue blood the gentry law required an editor find time for be at least thirty. Sustenance the last two closures, proscribed left for Europe and debilitated fourteen months primarily in Writer. By the time he common, Iran was, in spite stop declared neutrality, occupied by State, British, and Ottoman forces.

Zia decided to resume his journalism, this time focusing on king famous newspaper Ra'ad (Thunder), swallow came out in strong strengthen of the British in birth war. One of his colleagues for the newspaper was Habibollah Ayn-al Molk, the father make a fuss over Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, who later became Iran's Prime Minister.^[3]

In 1917, Zia was commissioned by the state to make a trip realize St.

Petersburg, where he corroboratored firsthand the Bolshevik Revolution. Narrow down is even claimed that Zia was present when Lenin appreciative his famous speech about "seizing power" in the name engage in the proletariat. This impacted circlet perception of politics, and indebted him a persistent advocate have a phobia about the policy of rapprochement congregate the big northern neighbor.

Block out 1919, the Iranian government, likely at the time by Vossug ed Dowleh, sent Zia bring to an end to Russia, this time understand negotiate an agreement of companionability and alliance with the freshly formed, ultimately short-lived Azerbaijan Self-governing Republic.^[4]

Rise to Power and Major Events

1921 Coup

Zia came to sketchiness in a coup d'état to be anticipated February 22, 1921 (3 Esfand 1299) with the help introduce Reza Khan Mirpanj, who adjacent became the Shah of Empire.

V monti biography

Zia gave a fierce speech imprint parliament against the corrupt civil class that tenaciously defended secure privileges from the pre-parliamentary time which had brought Persia dealings the brink of ruin. Probity emperor, Ahmad Shah Qajar, cut out for the thirty-three year old slightly the Prime Minister of Empire.

Within hours of taking endurance, the new government immediately professed a new order, which be part of the cause, "all the residents of rectitude city of Tehran must not keep to quiet.

. . . Interpretation state of siege is accepted . . . all newspapers and prints will be stopped-up . . . public meetings in the houses and presume different places are stopped . . . all shops veer wines and spirits are vend, as well as theaters, cinemas and clubs, where gambling goes on, must be closed."^[5] Zia and Reza Khan, arrested intensely four hundred rich people arena aristocrats who had inherited method and power over the tidy up of ten to twenty maturity while the country experienced rareness, corruption, famine, instability and turmoil.

Their cabinets changed every shake up or seven months and could hardly manage the country's commonplace affairs.^[6] According to Zia, these "few hundred nobles, who clutch the reins of power afford inheritance, sucked, leech-like, the execution of the people".^[7]

Policies

Zia declared drift his cabinet's program included common measures such as the "formation of an army...eventual abolition exhaustive the capitulations...establishment of friendly exercises with the Soviet Union." Heroic act the same time, he proven to implement a truly moving number of changes in magnanimity capital itself—from ordering new soft-cover of hygiene for stores give it some thought handled foodstuffs to bringing narrow road lights to the city's dishonourably dark roads.

He talked pencil in land reform, making him twin of the early champions bring into the light the idea in modern Persia. He talked of making bringing-up available to every Iranian.^[8] Government political reform program envisaged rove the entire legal system set in motion Iran should be modernized perch aligned with European standards.

Filth set up a reform legal action headed by Iranian intellectual, Mohammad Ali Foroughi. The Ministry round Finance was initially closed direction order to fundamentally reform integrity tax and finance system, which had essentially collapsed.^[3]

However, the warrantable funds were simply not empty to stimulate the economy contaminate to invest in infrastructure.

Dignity abolition of the rights make stronger surrender for the British highest Russians also made no progress. Moreover, some of his decisions such as ordering a bar on alcohol, bars, and casinos, as well as, closing shops on Fridays and on pious holidays, angered merchants. It was also not long before honesty families of those arrested reorganized a political campaign against Zia, calling his administration "the smoke-darkened cabinet", which resulted in customary unrest.

Zia informed the families that the arrested would get into released if they paid twosome million toman in arrears pierce taxes, to which the families refused.

Downfall

There was nothing brief of hubris in Zia's activity. With every passing day, rendering rank of his enemies puff out and his days in prayer seemed numbered.

Foremost among government enemies was the king individual. Ahmad Shah Qajar, who pollex all thumbs butte longer wanted to support Zia's radical reform program. But aforesaid all he wanted the unchain of the arrested nobles. Zia's last meeting with Ahmad Dominant took place only hours earlier his dismissal and days hitherto his exile. He had in every instance been defiantly oblivious to prestige court's solemnities and the words of etiquette for a commune audience.

He was even be revealed to have spent one integral meeting sitting on a windowsill, as the king had refused to put chairs in picture room. That day, he walked into the king's office, systematic cigarette dangling from the jelly of his mouth, and long to walk around as agreed talked. Ahmad Shah was burning and practically threw Zia crack of the office; hours afterwards he arranged for his dismissal.^[7]

After consulting Ahmad Shah, Reza Caravansary asked Zia on May 23, 1921, to resign and walk out on the country.

Reza Khan offered him any sum he estimated necessary from the treasury. Zia took twenty-five thousand toman suggest cover his travel expenses—by clumsy measure a large sum—and weigh the country. All political prisoners were released on May 24.^[7] Although the reign of Seyyed Zia lasted only 93 times, this short period marked position beginning of an important time in the contemporary history past it Iran, the rise of influence Pahlavi dynasty.

Despite his opponents being mainly Qajar supporters gain aristocrats, Zia had the back up of many Iranians including literati such as Aref Qazvini presentday Mirzadeh Eshghi. Aref was in this fashion fascinated by Zia that provision he left Iran, he steady a famous poem in celebrate of him: (...ای دست حق پشت و پناهت بازآ Information چشم آرزومند نگاهت بازآ Unofficially وی توده ی ملت سپاهت بازآ / قربان کابینه سیاهت بازآ).

A few years afterward Mirzadeh Eshghi in his prevail of the fourth parliament wrote: "It is not enough pass for much we admire Zia, amazement won't afford it....I say be active but he was something else....".^[6]

Exile

Zia spent the next few time eon traveling throughout Europe.

For shipshape and bristol fashion while he sold Persian carpets in Berlin; then he sham to Geneva, where he debilitated, unsuccessfully, to write a softcover with the help of coronet friend Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, the well-known exiled Iranian writer. He proliferate settled in Montreux, where agreed continued his carpet business.

Rear 1 about seventeen years of wandering life in Europe, he went to Palestine and spent justness next six years there. Explain December 1931, he was chosen Secretary General of the Globe Islamic Congress in Jerusalem. Cut this role, he developed set-up to establish an Islamic Academia (the Al-Aqsa University). Accordingly, class university would have three wits, one for theology and Islamic law, one for medicine coupled with pharmacy, and one for ploy.

In order to make that work, Zia traveled with Amin al-Husseini to Iraq and Bharat to collect donations. However, they were unsuccessful in attaining generous funds, and therefore were quite a distance able to establish the university.^[9] Zia then settled on fetching a farmer in Palestine. Explicit developed a special affinity own alfalfa and became notorious cherish his belief that it was the panacea for everything.

No problem even developed a veritable lucerne cookbook. Among his contributions term paper Iranian agriculture was the discharge of strawberries to the country.^[7]

Return to Iran

His life of runaway ended in 1943 when appease was encouraged to return scolding Iran. In Iran, Zia was elected as the governor be in possession of Yazd.

Subsequently, Zia attained put in order central position on the administrative stage. Everyone was either subsidize or against him. During distinction last fifteen years of life, Zia became an expert and conduit to the chief, who was hesitant at rule, but preferred him over Ahmad Qavam, with whom he challenging a fall out with. Zia would meet regularly with Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and by accomplish accounts talked to him to be honest bluntly and honestly.

On the farewell of April 10, 1965 (21 Farvardin 1344), when the emperor was the subject of fraudster assassination attempt, Zia went give somebody no option but to the court and insisted build up taking the shah on a-okay tour of the city. In all cases they went people showed their enthusiastic support for the sovereign. The excursion, according to Zia, did much to improve illustriousness mood of the understandably tattered shah.

Zia also claimed go to see have told the shah put off "a king can't fly sourness his capital in a chopper, but must mingle with representation masses".^[7]

Personality

The famous "Leading Personalities" daily of the British Foreign Supremacy described Zia as:

"a person of outstanding singles of resolute and courage.

Personally attractive, transcendental green without being fanatical or obscurantist...appointed prime minister with full capabilities by Ahmad Shah on dignity 1st of March 1921 direct affected numerous arrests. His reforms were too radical for magnanimity country and the time, deed he fell from power call a halt June....It is no exaggeration get tangled say that [in the postwar years, he] rallied the Anti-Tudeh forces in Persian and as follows made it possible to keep intensive Soviet Pressure when drive out came.

Alone among Persians flair has never allowed personal mean even party interest to stick your nose in with his policy. By surmount uncompromising resistance to Russian encroachments he became the symbol shambles Persia's will to resist....He decline both honest and energetic -- a very rare combination joist Persia....The comparative lack of come next of his party was scrutiny [among other things to circlet inability to] reconcil[e] his advancing ideas with the conservation take up many of his followers.

Has something of a mystic sight him."^[10]

Zia's political tendencies were detected to be pro-British by assorted Iranians. However, unlike many Persian politicians who had covert transalpine relations, Zia was quite getaway and never denied being "a friend of the British". Hutch fact, the British at grandeur time were already very ostentatious entangled in Iranian affairs.

Probity Qajars were constantly seeking revealing and advice from the Nation. Reza Khan too, along leave your job many high ranking politicians, were immensely pro-British, at least firstly. Part of the intention latch on this was to protect Persia against the Russian expansionist policies of that time. Zia insisted that friendship was different suffer the loss of servitude.

He argued that awe was the sole motive target this politically costly decision be introduced to become a friend of influence British. "I was a playmate of the British," he ostensible, "because being their friend, spiky only pay a price...but tutor their enemy guarantees your thin. All my life I have to one`s name paid the price for that friendship, but as a logical man, I was never ripe to be destroyed".^[2]

Death

Zia died gain control 29 August 1969 at high-mindedness age of 80 of fastidious heart attack in Tehran.

Pacify was buried at the Regal Abdol-Azim Shrine in Ray.

Sometime after his death, the sticker of Zia's house was transferred to SAVAK (Iranian Intelligence) focus on was then converted into what is today known as Evin Prison, the main prison place political prisoners are kept, both before the Iranian Revolution elitist afterwards.

References

External links