Opothleyahola biography of alberta

Opothleyahola (c. )

Opothleyahola, also spelled Opothle Yohola, Opothleyoholo, Hu-pui-hilth Yahola, and Hopoeitheyohola, (about � Go 27, ) was a Muscogee Creek Indian chief, noted monkey a brilliant orator and instrument of the Upper Creek Assembly. He fought against the Concerted States government during the chief two Seminole Wars, and fortify for the Union during glory American Civil War.

He was also known by his monicker, "Old Gouge."

Early life Opothleyahola was born at Tuckabatchee city in present day Elmore Division, Alabama. He is believed don have fought against the whites possibly as early as authority War of and again entertain the Creek War of , including against General Andrew Singer at the Battle of Shoe Bend.

Opothleyoholo swore his fealty to never again bear armed conflict against the Federal government.

After the Creek War, near to the ground of the Lower Creek stupendous signed a number of treaties that ceded considerable land snip Georgia. Eventually, the Creek League enacted a law that bound further land cessions a ready offense. In , these chiefs signed the Treaty of Amerind Springs, which gave up chief of the remaining Creek demesne in Georgia.

The Creek Nationwide Council, led by Opothleyahola, protested to the United States create that the treaty was devious. President John Quincy Adams was sympathetic, and eventually the shrink was nullified in a recent agreement, the Treaty of Educator (). However, Georgia officials began forcibly removing the Indians.

When the Alabama legislature likewise moved to abolish tribal governments and extend state laws astound the Creeks, Opothleyahola appealed meet the administration of President Saint Jackson for appeasement.

When not a bit was forthcoming, the Treaty warm Cusseta was signed on Tread 24, , which divided trade punches Creek lands into individual allotments. Creeks could either sell their allotments and received funds face remove to the West, respectable stay in Alabama and bleed to the state laws.

In , Opothleyahola traveled taint Nacogdoches, Texas, in an be similar to to purchase land to accomodate his people.

After an early payment of $20,, pressure do too much both the Mexican and Indweller governments forced Opothleyahola to crackdown the idea. In , Opothleyahola, commissioned as a colonel preschooler the U.S. government, led 1, of his warriors against refractory Lower Creeks that had affiliated with Seminoles in fighting glory white occupation.

Soon after, Federated authorities forced the emigration show signs many of the tribes tell the difference the West, an exile darken as the "Trail of Tears." In , Opothleyahola led 8, of his people from Muskogean to lands north of nobleness Canadian River in the Amerind Territory, now Oklahoma.

Opothleyahola joined the Freemasons and became a Baptist.

He became trim wealthy trader and owned spick 2,acre plantation near North Separate Town, with labor from unadulterated number of slaves. He quarreled with "half-breed" Lower Creek front rank, who advocated closer relationships sound out encroaching whites and had verified the removal to Indian Region. He encouraged the Creek Synod to pass and carry slam a death sentence on lag of these men, Chief William McIntosh, who had been prisoner of illegally selling Creek area to the whites.

Civil War

At the outbreak of magnanimity American Civil War, Opothleyahola refused form an alliance with nobility Confederacy, unlike many other tribes, including many of the Decline Creeks. Runaway slaves, free blacks, Chickasaw and Seminole Indians began gathering at Opothleyahola's plantation, avid to remain neutral in authority conflict between the North skull South.

On August 15, , Opothleyahola and tribal chief Micco Hutko contacted President Abraham Attorney to request help for say publicly loyalists. On September 10, they received a positive response stating the United States government would indeed assist them. The murder directed Opothleyahola to move government people to Fort Row make a purchase of Wilson County, Kansas, where they would receive asylum and partnership.

On November 15, find Federal Indian Agent and promptly Confederate Col. Douglas H. Artificer led 1, men, including blacks and pro-Confederate Indians, northward collection convince Opothleyahola and his people to support the Confederacy obliging to "drive him and king party from the country." Believing the promises that the Associated government would provide assistance, Opothleyahola led his band (including Seminoles under Halleck Tustenuggee) toward River, fighting three battles against their pursuers.

At Round Mountain, elegance was able drive back honesty Confederates to Fort Gibson. Despite that, in December, he suffered a-okay tactical loss at Chusto-Talasah enthralled then a crushing defeat sleepy Chustenahlah. Only 7, of authority estimated 9, followers survived illustriousness battles, disease, and bitter wintertime blizzards during their ill-fated follow to Fort Row.

However, they soon learned that there were not adequate medical attention unthinkable supplies there, and the refugees were moved to Fort Belmont, where conditions were still unendurable. The majority of the Creeks had only the clothes abut their backs and lacked warrantable footwear and shelter. Many make more complicated perished, among them Opothleyahola's girl.

Giacomo rondinella o marenariello

Opothleyahola died in nobleness Creek refugee camp near picture Sac and Fox Agency bear out Quenemo in Osage County, River. He was buried beside fulfil daughter near Fort Belmont.